In R v Oakes (1986), the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that a law requiring the accused to disprove possession for trafficking violated the presumption of innocence under the Charter. This decision established the "Oakes Test", setting criteria for limiting rights under Section 1 of the Charter.
Presumption of Innocence: The Supreme Court posited that the presumption of innocence is a fundamental right protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which requires the prosecution to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt in criminal cases.
